The Home Office paid £16.3m to police The University of Oxford's Biomedical Science Building between 2005 and last year.
The building in South Parks Road opened in November.
Its construction was the subject of a series of protests in the city.
A Home Office spokesman said: "The total sum of money provided by the Home Office to Thames Valley Police for the policing of the University of Oxford animal research centre in the four financial years from 2005/06, when the funding began, to the end of 2008/09 was £16.3m."
A Thames Valley Police spokesman said: "In common with many other police forces, Thames Valley Police has recognized the need for a co-ordinated approach to the activity of animal rights activists.
"Additional resources were made available, in response to events in Oxford, where intimidation and harassment by some activists resulted in contractors pulling out of a university project to build a new research facility.
"Central Government arranged funding for this initiative in 2005, so that the impact on local policing in terms of resourcing and cost was minimised."
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