A total of 12 illegal e-bikes and one e-scooter were seized in Oxford in one day as police launched a crackdown on the vehicles.

Officers from Thames Valley Police Roads Police Unit, the Oxford neighbourhood team, Oxford ICR Response and Special Constabulary conducted an operation targeting illegally modified e-bikes and privately owned e-scooters in the Oxford area yesterday (March 15).

During the operation police also issued eight e-scooter warning letters.

Private e-scooters are illegal in the UK except when used on private land.

As it got dark road safety advice was also given to cyclists who were riding without lights and minimal visibility.

Over 15 bike lights and high-vis bag covers were handed out to cyclists.

Police also made three arrests for immigration-related offences.